Closed Reduction & Pinning of unstable Extraarticular fracture Distal Radius (How many K-wires needed?) Systematic Review

Distal radius fractures represent 16% of all fractures of the body and as much as 72% of all forearm fractures. It’s also known as wrist fracture, a breaking of the part of the radius bone which is close to the wrist.  The aim of this study was to review recent trends and different modalities in management of extra articular distal end radius fractures and to conclude the optimal number of K-wires required for best fixation and best results clinically & radiologically. Online search using the Medline database on PubMed, Google scholar, Science direct, American and European Journals from 2010 to 2020; all the English language published studies were identified with the search keywords of, Extra articular distal end radius fracture, treatment of distal end radius, Closed Pinning, Number of K-wires. Among included 12 studies, 4 studies used 2 K-wires, 4 studies used 3 K-wires, 1 study used 4 K-wires and 3 studies used 5 K-wires. There was a better satisfaction rate, significant increase in grip strength and significant increase in DASH Volar tilt with 3 K-wires group more than 5 K-wires group. At the end we found that using 3 K-wires is perfect to maintain the reduction for the extraarticular distal end radius fractures radiologically in a cost-effective manner and high patient's satisfaction rate with least complications.