Platelet Indices and Neutrophil/ Lymphocyte Ratio in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and their Correlation with Glycemic Control

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most challenging problem in today’s world, it is a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, metabolic abnormalities, and long-term macro and micro vascular complications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for over 80% of cases of DM. HbA1c is a more useful marker to determine mean blood glucose levels over a long time period. This study aims to assess changes in platelet indices and neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their correlation with diabetic control. It is single center study, patients were selected from the outpatients and inpatients of the Endocrinology Department at Al-Zahraa University Hospital, through the period from February 2021 to July 2021. The study was conducted on 40 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus which divided into two subgroups, group A (n=19) controlled diabetes (HbA1C <7%) and group B (n= 21) patients with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1C >7%) in parallel with 40 apparently healthy individuals. For all subjects, platelet indices, and neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio (NLR), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), and activated partial thromboplastin (PTT) time were investigated. In this study, a significant increase in mean platelet volume (MPV) and PTT were observed in the diabetic group in comparison to the control group. There was a significant increase in WBCs and lymphocyte count between controlled and uncontrolled diabetes. while there was no statistically significant difference of PLTs, MPV, PDW, PCT, NLR, PTT, PT, & INR between controlled and uncontrolled diabetes. Our study revealed that a significant increase in MPV in diabetic patients additionally there is a significant positive correlation between HbA1C and MPV , in addition, changes in coagulation profile (specially PTT) contribute to the thrombotic state in diabetes mellitus.