Prevalence and Patient Characterization of Obstructive Jaundice in Studied Group Underwent Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in National Liver Institute

Long-term obstruction of biliary tree can induce pathophysiological changes involving malnutrition, acute renal failure, and infections that may be fatal. Nowadays, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an essential endoscopic technique for various pancreaticobiliary disorders, ERCP has significantly revolutionized the management of obstructive jaundice and significantly reduced the role of surgery, but it may have some complications such as post-ERCP pancreatitis.   The aim of study aims to determine the different etiologies of biliary obstruction and the prevalence and patient characterization of obstructive jaundice in studied group underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and to reveal the short-term outcome of ERCP and possible complications. It was a retrospective study, and data was collected from medical records of patients presented to the inpatient or outpatient clinic at the National Liver Institute hospital and diagnosed as biliary obstruction and underwent ERCP. Data was collected from March 2016-March 2022. 6000 patients with biliary obstruction were enrolled in our study. Those cases underwent ERCP and were presented to the inpatient or outpatient clinic at the National Liver Institute hospital. The age of included patients ranged from 14 years to 97 years with mean of 54.98± 15.63 years. The most common age group represented was >50 years group (65.7%). There were 3270 (54.5%) males and 2730 (45.5%) females with male to female ratio 1.2: 1 and regarding medical history and comorbidities, 1304 (21.7%) patients had a history of DM, 1474 (24.6%) patients were hypertensive, 586 (9.8%) had cardiac diseases, and 622 (10.4%) were smokers. The most common cause of biliary obstruction was biliary stones in 4030 (67.2%) cases followed by malignant causes (28.8%). The current study, we determined the different etiologies of biliary obstruction and showed common symptoms and presentations of those patients. Biliary obstruction relief occurred in most of the patients and post ERCP pancreatitis was the most common complication.