Dexmedetomidine versus Ketamine Nebulization in Attenuation of Sore Throat after Long Operations

To investigate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and ketamine nebulization previous to tracheal intubation; to evaluate its pain-relieving effects on decrease and prevention of postoperative sore throat (POST) in patients after long operations. This study enrolled in sixty patients their age 20 to 65 years with ASA   1or 2, were planned for elective operation with GA, they were assigned randomly to three groups, group D patients (dexmetomidine group) took dexmetomidine 50 µg plus 4 ml of normal saline for nebulization, K Patients (ketamine group) took ketamine (preservative-free) 50 mg plus 4 ml of normal saline for nebulization. C Patients (control group) took normal saline (total volume of 5 ml) for nebulization, fifteen minutes before GA, the primary outcome was severity and onset of sore throat and scaled by four-point scale and secondary outcome was hemodynamic stability and if any side effects of the used drugs. we found the incidence of POST was 17% whose was experienced by 4(20%), 3(15%) in ketamine and dexmedetomidine group respectively. There was not statistical important change in the prevalence of POST among the both groups at time intervals of 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperative. At all-time intervals, the intensity of sore throat was notably decreased in both group. In the ketamine group, there was a statistical significant rise in systolic, diastolic, and heart rate. There were no adverse effects identified following nebulization. our study revealed that dexmedetomidine nebulization is efficient as ketamine nebulization in reducing POST with less hemodynamic disruption. As a result, nebulized dexmedetomidine may be a suitable substitute to nebulized ketamine to lower POST.